La Galigo - Similar to the Koran but older than the Koran

Ujungpandang (Dreamland Library) - The Bugis in South Sulawesi, adheres to a belief in the Gods of Seuwae (the Only God). "The Bugis call it" Dewata Sisinae ". The people who still uphold the sacred values ​​of the One God, in fact many stakeholders (supported by foreigners who are disturbed by their existence) who want to destroy are the To Lotang people in Amparita, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, "

The gods in the beliefs of the Bugis, as told in La Galigo, dwell in the upper world (Boting Langiq) and the underworld (Buriq Liu).

Until now, the La Galigo manuscript is placed by the Bugis as the "Sacred Book", so that it should not be read like a textbook, or a newspaper, but must be with personal hygiene and heart. For this reason, it is advisable for the Young Generation in general, and the Bugis Young Generation in particular, to help preserve and live it as a "Book" that teaches noble values.

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500 AD and Beyond

Year 500 AD to 599 AD

Establishment of the Kingdom of Kalingga (Hindu)

Kalingga existed in the 6th century AD and its whereabouts are known from Chinese sources. The kingdom was once ruled by Queen Shima, who was known to have a rule on whoever stole, her hands would be cut off. Read more ...

Establishment of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom (Hindu)

Kanjempuan is a Hindu-style kingdom in East Java, whose center is near Malang City now. Kanjempuan is thought to have been established in the 6th century AD (still contemporaneous with the Kingdom of Taruma around Bekasi and Bogor now). Written proof of this kingdom is the Dinoyo Inscription. The famous king is Gajayana. Other relics are the Temple of Badut and Candi Wurung. Read more ...

564 AD

Sawerigading was born as the "Tolottang" Local Religious Leader - South Sulawesi

The Bugis in South Sulawesi, adheres to a belief in the Gods of Seuwae (the Only God). People who uphold the sacred values ​​of the One God, in fact many stakeholders (supported by foreigners who are disturbed by their existence) who want to destroy the To Lotang community in Amparita, Sidenreng Rappang Regency.

As in the beliefs of the Bugis, narrated in I La Galigo there are two worlds, in the upper world (Boting Langiq), and in the underworld (Buriq Liu).

Until now, the text of I La Galigo is placed by the Bugis as the "Sacred Book", so that it should not be read like a textbook, or a newspaper, but must be with personal hygiene and heart.

For this reason, the younger generation in general, and the Bugis young generation in particular, should help preserve and live it as a "book" that teaches noble values. Which of course can be read as a clue to the values ​​of Luhur, from the Patriarchs of the Archipelago. Read more ...

571 AD
Prophet Muhammad SAW was born on Monday, 12 Rabi'ul Beginning in 571 AD (better known as the Year of the Elephant)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad

Patriot Band - Bekasi
{saudioplayer}SangSaka.mp3{/saudioplayer}
The song "Sang Saka" written by Sapto Satrio Mulyo reminds all of us to rise up to fight to build the nation from all aspects of life.

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"SANG SAKA"

Jika kita merenung pasti sadarkan diri

Kalau kita sudah terpuruk lama sekali

Bangsa yang pernah besar di muka bumi ini

Mengapa sekarang sulit untuk jadi Mandiri

Berkibarlah Sang Saka mengarungi Dunia

Berkibarlah Sang Saka mewarnai Dunia

Mari kita bersatu membangun negeri ini

Jangan berpaling lagi dari Ibu Pertiwi

Raihlah mimpi-mimpi untuk jadi Mandiri

Karena kau berjalan pasti tidak sendiri

Berkibarlah Sang Saka mengarungi Dunia

Berkibarlah Sang Saka mewarnai Dunia

Bangsa yang pernah besar di muka bumi ini

Mengapa sekarang sulit untuk jadi Mandiri

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5th Century AD - The oldest Yupa inscription in the archipelago

Balikpapan (DreamLandLibrary) - Inscription is a charter or document written on hard and durable material. The discovery of inscriptions at a number of archeological sites, marks the end of prehistoric times, namely Babakan in the ancient history of Indonesia where people are not familiar with writing, towards the historical era, where people are already familiar with writing. The science which dominated the inscriptions was called Epigraphy.

Among various sources of ancient Indonesian history, such as foreign texts and news, inscriptions are considered the most important source because they are able to provide a chronological event. There are many things that make an inscription very profitable world of past research. In addition to containing the calendar elements, the inscription also revealed a number of names and reasons why the inscription was issued.

In a modern sense in Indonesia, inscriptions are often associated with writing on tombstones or in buildings, especially when laying the first stone or inaugurating a construction project. In mass media reports, for example, we often hear the president, vice president, minister, or regional head inaugurate building A, building B, and so on by cutting the ribbon and signing the inscription. Thus the term inscription continues to this day.

Etymology
The word inscription comes from Sanskrit, with the real meaning is "praise". But then it was considered as a "charter, notice, decree, law or writing". Among archaeologists inscriptions are called inscriptions, while among lay people they are called inscribed stones or lettered stones.

Although it means "praise", not all inscriptions contain praise (to the king). Most of the inscriptions are known to contain decisions regarding the designation of a village or region as sima or perdikan area. Sima is land given by the king or the ruler to the people who are considered meritorious. Because of that the existence of the land of sima was protected by the kingdom.

Content
The contents of other inscriptions in the form of court decisions about civil cases (called jayapatra or jayasong inscriptions), as a sign of victory (jayacikna), about debts (suddhapatra), and about the curse or oath. Inscriptions about curses or oaths were almost all written during the kingdom of Srivijaya. And there are also inscriptions containing the king's genealogy or the origin of a character.

Until now the oldest inscriptions in Indonesia have been identified from the 5th century AD, namely Yupa inscriptions from the kingdom of Kutai, East Kalimantan. The inscription contains a genealogical relationship during the reign of King Mulawarman. The Yupa inscription is a stone inscription written in Pallawa letters and Sanskrit. The largest period of expenditure on inscriptions occurred in the 8th to 14th centuries. At that time the most widely used characters were Pallawa, Prenagari, Sanskrit, Old Javanese, Old Malay, Old Sundanese, and Old Bali. The language used also varies and is generally Sanskrit, Old Javanese, Old Sundanese and Old Balinese.

Stone inscribed from West Sumatra
The inscriptions can be found in the form of numerals of the year or short writing. Year numbers can be written with numbers or candlesticks, both words and writing. A short writing can be found on the temple wall, on the upper doorway and on the temple stones.

In the days of the Islamic kingdom, the inscriptions used Arabic characters and Arabic script but the Malay language Pegon script. Most of the inscriptions are on copper plates, tombs, mosques, wall hangings, both in mosques and in the homes of nobles, on royal stamp and stamp rings, currencies, cannons, etc. In the younger years of the colonial era, Latin script was widely used, including English, Portuguese and Dutch languages. Latin inscriptions are generally found in churches, official offices of colonial officials, fortresses, memorials, cannons, currency, stamps, and tombs. Chinese inscriptions and literary inscriptions are also well known in Indonesia, spread between the Classical period and the Islamic period. The inscriptions are found on currency, porcelain objects, bronze gongs and grave stones which are usually made of marble.

The material used to write inscriptions is usually in the form of stone or metal plates, leaves and paper. Besides andesite, the stones used are limestone, marble, and basalt. In archeology, stone inscriptions are called upala inscriptions. Metal inscriptions are generally made of copper and bronze, commonly called Tamra Inscription. Very few inscriptions made of silver and gold sheets. There is also what is called inscription, which is an inscription written on palm leaves or tal leaves. Some inscriptions are made of clay or tablets filled with Buddhist mantras.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti
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Krakatau Incident - 535 AD

Banten (Dreamland Library) - This huge mountain is located in the Sunda Strait, in 535 AD erupted with a very powerful, and left a large crater (Caldera).

The erupting mountain, is the mother of Mount Krakatau which then erupted again in the year 1883 AD, and made it one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions on earth.

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Kanjuruhan - between 500 AD and 599 AD

Malang (Dreamland Library) - Kanjempuan is a Hindu-style kingdom in East Java, whose center is near Malang City now. Kanjempuan is thought to have been established in the 6th century AD (still contemporaneous with the Kingdom of Taruma around Bekasi and Bogor now). Written proof of this kingdom is the Dinoyo Inscription. The famous king is Gajayana. Other relics are the Temple of Badut and Candi Wurung.

Background
Long time ago, when Java was ruled by kings scattered in the regions. Raja Purnawarman ruled in the Tarumanegara Kingdom; Maharani Shima ruled in the Kingdom of Kalingga (or "Holing"); and King Sanjaya ruled in the Kingdom of Ancient Mataram. In East Java there is also a safe and prosperous kingdom. The kingdom is in the Malang area now, between the Brantas River and Metro River, on the plains which are now named Dinoyo, Merjosari, Tlogomas, and Ketawanggede Lowokwaru District. The kingdom was named Kanjempuan.

How can the Kanjempuan Kingdom stand and stand in the valley between the Brantas River and Kali Metro on the eastern slope of Mount Kawi, which is far from the coast or sea trade routes? We certainly remember that the interior of the island of Java is famous for its agrarian regions, and it is in such agrarian regions that centers of community group activity emerge as centers of government. It seems that since the beginning of the BC, Hindu and Buddhist religions spread throughout the western and central islands of Indonesia, around the sixth and seventh centuries AD to the interior of eastern Java, including Malang. It is because of Malang that we find the oldest evidence of Hindu-style royal government activity in eastern Java.

The proof is the Dinoyo inscription written in Saka 682 (or if it is made in the year BC plus 78 years, so it coincides with the year 760 AD). It is said of a king named Dewa Singha, who ruled over his enormous palace which was purified by the fire of Shiva. Raja Dewa Singha has a son named Liswa, who after ruling over his father became king with the title Gajayana. During the reign of King Gajayana, the Kingdom of Kanjempuan developed rapidly, both government, social, economic and cultural arts. With all the dignitaries of the country and all its people, King Gajayana made a shrine of worship which is very good to glorify the Agastya Receipt. The king also ordered the statue of the Sage Agastya to be made from a very beautiful black stone, as a substitute for the statue of the Sage Agastya which was made of wood by King Gajayana's grandmother.

Under the reign of King Gajayana, the people felt safe and protected. Royal power covers the eastern and western slopes of Mount Kawi. North to the Java sea coast. Guaranteed domestic security. There is no war. Robberies and robberies rarely occur, because the king always acts decisively in accordance with applicable law. Thus the people live safely, peacefully, and avoiding disaster.

Raja Gajayana only had a daughter, whom his father gave the name Uttejana. A royal princess heir to the throne of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom. When he grew up, he was set up with a prince from Paradeh named Prince Jananiya. Finally Prince Jananiya, together with Empress Uttejana, ruled the kingdom of her father's inheritance when King Gajayana died. Like their ancestors, they both ruled with justice. The people of Kanjuruhan increasingly loved their king. Thus, for generations the Kingdom of Kanjempuan was ruled by kings descended from King Dewa Singha. All the kings were famous for their wisdom, justice, and generosity.

In about 847 AD, the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in Central Java was ruled by Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan Dyah Saladu. This king is famous for being fair and wise. It was under his rule that the Kingdom of Mataram developed rapidly, its power was enormous. He is respected by other kings throughout Java. The desire to expand the territory of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom has always been carried out, both through conquest and friendship. The ancient kingdom of Mataram is famous throughout the archipelago, even to foreign countries. Its territory is large, its power is large, its army is strong, and its population is very large.

The expansion of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom reached the eastern part of Java Island. There is no evidence or evidence that there was a conquest with war between the Kingdom of Old Mataram and the Kingdom of Kanjempuan. When the Old Mataram Kingdom was ruled by Sri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung, the king of Kanjuruhan Kingdom donated a perwara temple temple (accompanist) in the Prambanan temple complex which was built by Sri Maharaja Rakai Pikatan in 856 CE (formerly called "Shiva Greha"). The accompanying temple (perwara) was placed in the east row, precisely in the southeast corner. Such development activities are customary for regional kings to the central government. It means that the relationship between the central and regional kingdoms in the regions is always closely intertwined.

At that time the Kanjuruhan Kingdom was practically under the rule of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. Despite this the Kingdom of Kanjempuan still ruled in his area. Only every year must report to the central government. In the administrative structure of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom of the era of King Balitung, the king of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom was better known as the Rakyekan Kanempuan, meaning "regional ruler" in Kanuruhan. Kanuruh itself seems to change the sound of Kanjempuan. Because as a regional king, the authority of a regional king is not as extensive as when he became an independent kingdom as when it was founded by his ancestors. The power of the regional kings in Kanuruhan can be known at that time was the eastern slope area of ​​Mount Kawi.

Kanjuruhan Rakryan Power
Kanyek Rakryan territory Kanempuan character. Character is a vast territory, which oversees dozens of women (villages). So maybe the character area can be determined almost the same at the district level. Thus the Kanempuan character oversees wanua (villages) which lie as wide as the eastern slope of Mount Kawi to the western slope of the Tengger-Semeru Mountains to the south to the southern coast of Java.

From all the data the names of villages (women) that are in the region (character) Kanempuan according to written sources in the form of inscriptions found around Malang are as follows:
    Balingawan area (now Mangliawan Village, Pakis District),
    Turryan area (now Turen Village, Turen District),
    Tunjungan area (now Tegaron Hamlet, Lesanpuro Village),
    Kabalon area (now Dukuh Kabalon Cemarakandang),
    Panawijyan area (now Palowijen Village, Blimbing District),
  Bunulrejo area (which was not named Bunulrejo Village in the era of the kingdom of Kanempuan), and areas around western Malang such as: Wurandungan (now Dukuh Kelandungan - Landungsari), Karuman, Merjosari, Dinoyo, Ketawanggede, which in several inscriptions are mentioned. as the area where the heavenly clan (temple building) is located in the region / city of Kanuruhan.

These are the regions which are the territory of the Rakyekan Kanempuan. It can be said starting from the Landungsari area (west), Palowijen (north), Pakis (east), Turen (south). This Kanry Rakryan official privilege besides being in charge in his own area, also held important positions in the administration of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom since the time of King Balitung, namely as an official in charge of royal administrative affairs. This position lasted until the time of the Majapahit Kingdom. That was a glimpse of the Kanyek Rakryan. The ruler in the area but can play a role in the government structure of the central kingdom, which was never done by other officials (Rakyan), in the history of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in the past.

Source: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kanjuruhan

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Kalingga - between 500 AD and 599 AD

Semarang (Dreamland Library) - Kalingga or Ho-ling (called from Chinese sources) is a Hindu-style kingdom that emerged in Central Java around the 6th century AD. The location of the center of this kingdom is not yet clear, it is likely to be somewhere between Pekalongan Regency and Jepara Regency now.

The historical sources of this kingdom are still unclear and vague, mostly obtained from Chinese records, local story traditions, and Carita Parahyangan manuscripts compiled centuries later in the 16th century briefly allude to Queen Shima and its relation to the Kingdom of Galuh. Kalingga existed in the 6th century AD and its whereabouts are known from Chinese sources. The kingdom was once ruled by Queen Shima, who was known to have rules on who stole, her hands would be cut off.

Notes from local sources
Local story
There is a story that developed in northern Central Java about a legendary Maharani who upholds the principles of justice and truth aloud indiscriminately. This legend tells the story of Queen Shima who educates his people to always be honest and crack down on theft crimes. He applies a harsh punishment that is cutting off the hands of anyone who steals. Once upon a time a king from across the sea heard about the fame of the people of the Kalingga kingdom who was known to be honest and law-abiding. To test it he put a bag of gold at a crossroads near the market. No one Kalingga people dare to touch let alone take things that do not belong to him. Up to three years later, the crown prince was touched by his crown prince. Queen Shima, in order to uphold the law sentenced her son to death, the council of ministers begged the queen to forgive the mistakes of his son. Because the prince's feet touched items that did not belong to him, the prince was sentenced to be cut off his leg.

Carita Parahyangan
Based on the 16th-century Carita Parahyangan text, Maharani Shima's daughter, Parwati, married the crown prince of Galuh Kingdom named Mandiminyak, who later became the second king of the Galuh Kingdom. Maharani Shima has a grandson named Sanaha who is married to the third king of the Galuh Kingdom, namely Brantasenawa. Sanaha and Bratasenawa had a son named Sanjaya who would later become the king of the Sundanese and Galuh Kingdoms (723-732 AD).

After Maharani Shima died in 732 AD, Sanjaya replaced his great-grandfather and became the king of the North Kalingga Kingdom which was later called Bumi Mataram, and then founded the Sanjaya Dynasty / Dynasty in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom.

He gave power to West Java to his son from Tejakencana, Tamperan Barmawijaya alias Rakeyan Panaraban. Then Raja Sanjaya married Sudiwara daughter of Dewasinga, Raja Kalingga Selatan or Bumi Sambara, and had a son, Rakai Panangkaran.

In the 5th century the Kingdom of Ho-ling (or Kalingga) emerged, thought to be located in the north of Central Java. Information about the Kingdom of Ho-ling was obtained from inscriptions and records from China. In 752, the Kingdom of Ho-ling was conquered by Srivijaya because it became part of the Hindu trade network, together with Malayu and Tarumanagara which had previously been conquered by Srivijaya. The three kingdoms are strong competitors of the Sriwijaya-Buddhist trade network.

Chinese news
News of Ho-ling's whereabouts can also be obtained from news from the Tang Dynasty and I-Tsing records.

Records from the Tang Dynasty
The Chinese story of the Tang Dynasty (618 AD - 906 AD) gives Ho-ling's information as follows.

    Ho-ling or called Java is located in the South Ocean. To its north lies Ta Hen La (Cambodia), to the east lies Po-Li (Bali Island) and to the west lies Sumatra Island.
    The capital city of Ho-ling is surrounded by walls made of wooden stakes.
    The king lives in a large multistory building, roofed with palm leaves, and his throne is made of ivory.
    Residents of the Kingdom of Ho-ling are already good at making liquor from coconut flowers
    The Ho-ling region produces turtle skin, gold, silver, rhino horn and elephant ivory.

This Chinese news account also mentions that since 674, the people of Ho-ling were ruled by Queen Hsi-mo (Shima). She is a queen who is very just and wise. During his reign the Kingdom of Ho-ling was very safe and secure.

Note I-Tsing
Note I-Tsing (664/665 AD) states that in the 7th century the land of Java had become one of the centers of knowledge of Hinayana Buddhism. In Ho-ling there was a Chinese priest named Hwining, who translated one of the Buddhist books into Chinese. He collaborated with a Javanese priest named Janabadra. The translated book includes stories about Nirvana, but this story is different from Nirvana in Hinayana Buddhism.

Inscription
The relics of the Kingdom of Ho-ling are the Tukmas Inscriptions. This inscription was found on found on the western slope of Mount Merapi, precisely in the Dakawu Hamlet, Lebak Village, Grabag District, Magelang in Central Java. The inscription reads Pallawa letters in Sanskrit. The inscription mentions clean and clear springs. The river that flows from the water source is likened to the Ganges River in India. In the inscription there are images such as trident, jug, ax, class, chakra and lotus flower which is a symbol of the closeness of human relations with Hindu gods.

While in Sojomerto Village, Reban District, Batang Regency, Central Java, Sojomerto Inscription was found. This inscription is written in Kawi and in Old Malay and dates from around the 7th century AD. This inscription is Shiva religious. The inscription contains the family of the main character, Dapunta Selendra, his father named Santanu, his mother's name is Bhadrawati, while his wife's name is Sampula. Prof. Drs. Boechari is of the opinion that the figure named Dapunta Selendra is the forerunner of the descendents of the Sailendra Dynasty who ruled the Hindu Mataram Kingdom.

Both of these inscriptions show that the north coast of Central Java had once developed a Hindu Shiva style kingdom. These records indicate the possibility of a connection with the Sailendra Dynasty or the Medang kingdom that developed later in Central Java South.

Reference

    ^ Drs. R. Soekmono, (1973 edisi cetak ulang ke-5 1988). Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed.. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. hlm. 37.
    ^ Munoz, Paul Michel (21 Oktober 2006). Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. hlm. pages 171. ISBN 981-4155-67-5.
    ^ IPS Terpadu Kelas VII SMP/MTs, Penerbit Galaxy Puspa Mega:Tim IPS SMP/MTs.

Source:  http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kalingga

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