The land where the inscription was found was in the form of a low hill with a flat surface and flanked by three rivers: Cisadane, Cianten and Ciaruteun. Until the 19th century, the place was still reported as the Muara Sand. Previously included part of Ciampea's private land. Now it belongs to the Cibungbulang Subdistrict.
The village of Muara where the inscriptions of Ciaruteun and Telapak Gajah were found, were once a "river port city" whose city was located on the edge of Cisadane's meeting with Cianten. Until the 19th century the river channel was still used for transportation of coffee plantations. Now it is still used by bamboo traders to transport their merchandise downstream.
Inscriptions at this time use the ancient Sundanese script, which was originally a development of the Advanced Pallawa type script, which refers to the Cambodian script model with some characteristics that are still attached. At this time, the script has not yet reached the stage of modification of its distinctive form as used by 16th-century manuscripts.
Sand Estuary Inscription
In Bogor, an inscription was found in Pasir Muara, on the edge of a rice field, not far from the Telapak Gajah inscription from Purnawarman. That inscription is currently not at its original place. The inscription says:
this is sabdakalanda rakryan interpreter of the panga-mbat i kawihaji panyca pasagi marsa-n the village bar recover haji ha-nda
Translation according to Bosch: This is a sign of Rakryan's reminder in the year (Saka) kawihaji (8) panca (5) pasagi (4), the reign of government was returned to the Sundanese king.
Because the "trumpet" year numbers follow the "vamato gatih" terms (numbers read from the right), the inscription was made in 458 Saka or 536 AD.
Ciaruteun inscription
Ciaruteun inscription was found in the Ci Aruteun flow, one hundred meters from the river's meeting with Ci Sadane; but in 1981 it was lifted and put in a cupola. This inscription is a relic of Purnawarman, written in Palawa, Sanskrit. It contained a four-line poem, which reads:
vikkrantasyavanipateh shrimatah purnavarmmanah tarumanagararendrasya vishnoriva padadvayam
Vogel's translation: These two (footprints) like Vishnu's (footprints) belong to the valiant king of the world that is famous for Purnawarman, the ruler of Tarumanagara.
In addition, there is also a picture of a pair of "sengala" (soles of the feet), which show signs of power & mdash & function like "signatures" today. The presence of the Purnawarman inscription in the village shows that the area belongs to his territory. According to Reader Rajyarajya i Bhumi Nusantara parwa II, sarga 3, page 161, among the subordinates of Tarumanagara during the reign of Purnawarman there was the name "Rajamandala" (regional king) Pasir Muhara.
Elephant Palm Inscription
Inscription Elephant Palm illustrated a pair of elephantiasis which is given a description in the form of a poem reads:
jayavi s halasya tarumendrsaya hastinah airavatabhasya vibhatidam padadavayam
Translation: Both footprints are bright elephant footprints like Airawata belongs to the ruler of Tarumanagara who is victorious and powerful.
According to Hindu mythology, Airawata is the name of the Batara Indra mount elephant, the god of war and the penguawa Guntur. According to the Literature of Parawatwan i Bhumi Jawadwipa parwa I, sarga 1, the Purnawarman war elephant was given the name Airawata as the name of the mount mount Indra. In fact, it was also reported that the Tarumanagara Kingdom flag was painted with a lotus flower arrangement on an elephant's head. Likewise, the crown worn by Purnawarman carved a pair of bees.
The carved flag and pair of bees were clearly inscribed on the inscription of Ciaruteun which had provoked an exciting debate among historians about the meaning and value of its symbolism. The carving of a lotus crowned elephant head by experts is suspected as a "curly letter" which has not been solved until now. Likewise about the carving of a pair of signs in front of the soles of the feet there are those who think of it as a symbol of spiders, twin suns or a combination of solar-candra (sun and moon). Literature statement from Cirebon about the Taruma flag and the carving of a pair of "bhramara" (bees) as a stamp on the crown of Purnawarman in all their "youth" values as historical sources must be recognized for their compatibility with the paintings contained in the Ciaruteun inscription.
Guava Inscription
In the Bogor area, there is another inscription, the Tarumanagara relic stone inscription which is located on the top of Koleangkak Hill, Pasir Gintung Village, Leuwiliang District. On this hill, Cikasungka (river) flows. Even this inscription carved on a pair of soles of the feet and is given information in the form of two lines of poetry:
shriman data kertajnyo narapatir - asamo yah pura tarumayam name shri purnnavarmma pracurarupucara fedyavikyatavammo tasyedam - padavimbadavyam arnagarotsadane nitya-dksham bhaktanam who is dripanam - bhavati sukhahakaram shalyabhutam.
Translation according to Vogel: The most famous and loyal to his task was the unrivaled king named Sri Purnawarman who ruled Taruma and his armor could not be penetrated by the arrows of his enemies; belongs to these two footprints, which always succeed in destroying the enemy's stronghold, which always presents a feast of honor (to those who are loyal to him), but are thorns for their enemies.
News sources from abroad
Foreign sources all come from Chinese news.
The Fa Hien News, 414M in his book Fa Fa Kao Chi tells us that in Ye-po-ti ("Jawadwipa") only few Buddhists were found, many of whom were Hindus and "dirty". (meaning animism). Ye Po Ti has often been considered the term Fa Hien for Jawadwipa, but there are other opinions that propose that Ye-Po-Ti is the Way of White in Lampung, in the area of the flow of way seputih (white river) this is found evidence of ancient royal heritage in the form of punden terraces and others that are now located in the ancient park of Pugung Raharjo, although currently Pugung Raharjo is located tens of kilometers from the coast but not far from the site found rocks that indicate the area was once a coastal area exactly the speech of the Fa Faen [citation needed? ]
News of the Sui Dynasty, tells that in 528 and 535 emissaries from the To-lo-mo ("Taruma"), located in the south had arrived.
News of the Tang Dynasty, also tells that the years 666 and 669 have come a messenger from To-lo-mo.
From the three reports above the experts [who?] Conclude that the term To-lo-mo phonetically adjusts its words to the same as Tarumanegara.
So based on the sources that have been explained before, it can be seen several aspects of life about Taruma.
Tarumanegara Kingdom is estimated to have evolved between 400-600 AD. Based on these inscriptions, it is known that the king who ruled at that time was Purnawarman. The territory of Purnawarman, according to the Tugu inscription, covers almost all of West Java that stretches from Banten, Jakarta, Bogor and Cirebon.
The Antiquities of the Tarumanagara Period
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